| Mediator | Symptoms | Pathophysiology |
| Angiogenin | Tissue damage | Formation of new blood vessels, degradation of basement membrane and local matrix |
| Arylsulfatases | Breaks down molecules to produce building blocks for nerve and muscle cells | |
| Bradykinin | Angioedema, swelling of airway, swelling of GI tract, inflammation, pain, hypotension | Vasodilation, induces release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin |
| Carboxypeptidase A | Muscle damage | Tissue remodeling |
| Cathepsin G | Pain, muscle damage | Converts angiotensin I to II, activates TGF-b, muscle damage, pain, fibrosis, activates platelets, vasodilation |
| Chondroitin sulfate | Cartilage synthesis | |
| Chymase | Cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, myocardial infarction | Tissue remodeling, conversion of angiotensin I to II, cleaves lipoproteins, activates TGF-b, tissue damage, pain, fibrosis |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone | Dysregulation has wide reaching and severe effects | Stimulates secretion of ACTH to form cortisol and steroids |
| Endorphins | Numbness | Pain relief |
| Endothelin | Hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, type II diabetes, Hirschsprung disease | Vasoconstriction |
| Eotaxin (CCL11) | Cognitive deficits | Attracts eosinophils, decreases nerve growth |
| Heparin | Hematoma formation, bruising, prolonged bleeding post-biopsy, gum bleeding, epistaxis, GI bleed, conjunctival bleeding, bleeding ulcers | Cofactor for nerve growth factor, anticoagulant, prevents platelet aggregation, angiogenesis |
| Histamine | Headache, hypotension, pruritis, urticaria, angioedema, diarrhea, anaphylaxis | Vasodilation of vessels, vasoconstriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries, action of endothelium, formation of new blood vessels cell proliferation, pain |
| Hyaluronic acid | Degradation contributes to skin damage | Tissue repair, cartilage synthesis, activation of white blood cells |
| IL-8 (CXCL8) | Mast cell degranulation | Attracts white blood cells (mostly neutrophils) to site of infection, activates mast cells, promotes degranulation |
| Kininogenases | Angioedema, pain, low blood pressure | Synthesis of bradykinin |
| Leptin | Obesity | Regulates food intake |
| Matrix metalloproteinases | Irregular menses (MMP-2) | Tissue damage, modification of cytokines and chemokines (modifies molecules to make them useful) |
| MCP-1 (CCL2) | Nerve pain | Attracts white blood cells to site of injury or infection, neuroinflammation, infiltration of monocytes (seen in some autoimmune diseases) |
| MCP-3 (CCL7) | Increases activity of white blood cells in inflamed spaces | |
| MCP-4 (CCL13) | Shortness of breath, tightness of airway, cough | Attracts white blood cells to inflamed spaces, induces mast cell release of TNFa and IL-1, asthma symptoms |
| Phospholipase A2 | Vascular inflammation, acute coronary syndrome | Generates precursor molecule for prostaglandins and leukotrienes |
| RANTES (CCL5) | Osteoarthritis | Attracts white cells to inflamed spaces, causes proliferation of some white cells |
| Renin | Cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, blood pressure abnormalities | Angiotensin synthesis, controls volume of blood plasma,lymph and interstitial fluid, regulates blood pressure |
| Serotonin/5-HT | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, GI pain | Vasoconstriction, pain |
| Somatostatin | Low stomach acid symptoms, low blood sugar | Regulates endocrine system, cell growth and nerve signals, inhibits release of glucagon and insulin, decreases release of gastrin, secretin and histamine |
| Substance P | Neurologic pain, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, mood disorders, anxiety | Transmits sensory nerve signals, including pain, mood disorders, stress perception, nerve growth and respiration |
| Tissue plasminogen activator | Blood clots | Activates plasminogen, clotting |
| Tryptase | Hematoma formation, bruising, prolonged bleeding post-biopsy, gum bleeding, epistaxis, GI bleed, conjunctival bleeding, bleeding ulcers; inflammation | Activation of endothelium, triggers smooth muscle proliferation, activates degradation of fibrinogen, activates MMP molecules,tissue damage, activation of PAR, inflammation, pain |
| Urocortin | Increased appetite when stressed, inflammation, low blood pressure | Vasodilation, increases coronary blood flow |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide | Decreased absorption, low blood pressure, low stomach acid symptoms | Vasodilation, mast cell activation, lowers blood pressure, relaxes muscles of trachea, stomach and gall bladder, inhibits gastric acid secretion, inhibits absorption |
| VEGF | Diseases of blood vessels | Formation of new blood vessels, vasodilation and permeability of smaller vessels |