A 2009 paper looked at prognosis of 157 ISM patients (Escribano 2009). 27% had bone involvement, with 18% patients having osteoporosis, 6% having diffuse bone sclerosis, 4% having patchy bone sclerosis 2% having small osteolysis and 3% having pathological fracture.
A 2012 paper (van der Veer 2012) assessed the frequency of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in a group of 157 ISM patients. They found 28% had osteoporosis, with 27% having osteoporosis of the lumbar spine and 1% having osteoporosis of the hip. 4% had evidence of osteosclerosis.
43% of patients under 50 years old had had at least one fracture (osteoporotic or not) and 61% of patients over 50 years old had had at least one fracture. 27% of patients had one or more vertebral fractures and 21% had non-vertebral, osteoporotic fractures. 23% of male patients under 50 had osteoporosis as well as 38% over 50. 12% of women under 50 had osteoporosis as well as 33% over 50. In total, 37% had osteoporotic fractures. In the group with comorbidities that might cause osteoporosis or fractures, 49% had osteoporotic fractures and 37% had osteoporosis. 59% ISM patients without UP had osteoporotic fractures compared to 28% with UP.
A 2013 paper (Matito 2013) looked at the association of baseline serum tryptase with disease features, including progression to SSM or ASM. 74 patients with ISM were included in the study and were followed for at least 48 months. None of them received cytoreductive therapy. Patients with an increased serum baseline tryptase slope and those without significant tryptase increase had similar prevalence of osteoporosis, patchy bone sclerosis and diffuse bone sclerosis at both presentation and end of study. However, the group with increased serum baseline tryptase was more likely to develop diffuse bone sclerosis in the time span between the beginning of the study and the end of the study (13% vs 2% without significant tryptase increase).
Among the group with low serum baseline tryptase increase, 9% had osteoporosis at the start, and 14% at the end; 5% had patchy osteosclerosis at the end; 2% had diffuse bone sclerosis at the end. None in this group progressed to SSM or ASM.
Among the group with high serum baseline tryptase increase, 10% had osteoporosis at the start, and 16% at the end; 6% had patchy osteosclerosis at the end; 13% had diffuse bone sclerosis at the end. 13% progressed to SSM and 6% to ASM.
Four patients in this study progressed to SSM after the start of the study, in a time ranging from 8-85 months. All had serum baseline tryptase of at least 200 ng/ml and had increased serum baseline tryptase slope. They also had D816V CKIT mutation in cells other than mast cells. Two of these patients progressed to ASM. Both of these patients had diffuse bone sclerosis and swelling of both the liver and spleen. The authors of this paper recommend special attention to the development of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and diffuse bone sclerosis.
References:
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Matito A, Morgado JM, Álvarez-Twose I, Laura Sánchez-Muñoz, Pedreira CE, et al. (2013) Serum Tryptase Monitoring in Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis: Association with Disease Features and Patient Outcome. PLoS ONE 8(10): e76116. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076116
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